What happens at an eye exam depends a little on your age, abilities and general health. At most exams, the optometrist will note your health history, specifically related to eyes and vision, and will examine your eyes for any diseases or abnormalities. The optometrist will examine the way your eyes adjust to focus from near to far. The optometrist will also measure how sharp your vision is and if your eyes properly focus light – these things tell the optometrist if you are nearsighted or farsighted and how you measure up to 20/20 vision.